I faced with this again with the same client:
Googling results:
https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/447cbdc7-e20f-46e0-9a36-7ccba1e9d074/550-571-missing-purported-responsible-address?forum=exchangesvrsecuremessaginglegacy


">After I enabled Sender-ID check, I unable to receive messages from one of my suppliers.

That's because your supplier is sending badly formed messages."